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- ID:CM COM Ports and DESQview
- DESQview Technical Note #145
- by Stan Young
-
- Q: Why doesn't DESQview support more than COM1 and COM2?
-
- Q: How can I run more COM ports on my machine in DESQview?
-
- In DESQview's Change a Program menus, DESQview allows you to
- define the COM port that is to be used by the program. The
- choices are 1, 2, Y and N. This does not mean, however, that
- DESQview does not support the use of COM3 and COM4. It does.
-
- DESQview allows you to specify whether the program uses COM1 or
- COM2 so that it can attempt to make the system appear to have
- only the port (1 or 2) that you have specified. This is done so
- that ill-behaved programs that clear both ports on startup, making
- the assumption that they are the only program running on the
- machine, will not interfere with a program that is already using
- the other port. These programs do not typically interfere with
- COM3 or COM4, so if you are using one of these ports, you can set
- "Uses serial ports" to either N or Y. It makes no difference.
-
- However, there is a key issue that is important to understand
- when trying to use ports beyond 2 in a multitasking system.
- There are two parts to serial communication:
-
- 1. The software side, which is the BIOS COM port identification.
- 2. The hardware side, which is the hardware interrupt (IRQ) that
- is being used.
-
- A good analogy for understanding the importance of this is to
- think of serial port communications as a telephone system. The
- COM port represents the actual telephone unit (the extension, if
- you will). The hardware interrupt, or IRQ, represents the line out
- that connects to the phone company. COM1 and COM2 have their own
- dedicated lines (IRQ4 and IRQ3, respectively). This is pretty
- much a standard, defined configuration in the PC environment.
-
- But when you add a COM3 or COM4, they must be assigned an IRQ.
- You have two options: You can assign them their own separate IRQ,
- or you can assign them to one of the IRQ's that are already in
- use (3 or 4). However, if you assign a new COM port to an IRQ
- that is already assigned to another port, it is like adding
- another telephone extension to an existing line. You will be
- able to call out from either extension, but you will not be able
- to call out from both extensions at the same time -- for that, you
- need a dedicated line.
-
- Most of the hardware devices (modems, mice, plotters, scanners or
- whatever), that allow you to define them as a port above 2
- unfortunately do so by reusing IRQ3 or IRQ4. This works well
- when using the ports from free-standing programs, one at a time,
- but in multitasking systems these setups are generally
- unsatisfactory, as users of multitasking systems want to be able
- to use the ports simultaneously.
-
- If the hardware that supplies your additional COM ports allows you
- to configure the port to a IRQ, other than IRQ3 or IRQ4, that is
- free on your machine -- say IRQ2 or IRQ5 -- then that situation
- would be like a phone with another line out, and you would be able
- to use it simultaneously with COM1 and COM2. Otherwise, you are
- limited to using these ports serially, not simultaneously.
-
- Use of FOSSIL drivers: There are some systems that are now
- accessing multiple ports through the use of FOSSIL drivers and
- special multi-port hardware (sometimes with its own on-board
- processor). A full discussion of FOSSIL drivers is beyond the
- scope of this technical note, but, briefly, this is how they work:
-
-
- A driver is loaded in the CONFIG.SYS file which sets up
- communications with the hardware supplying the ports. The
- hardware may contain 4, 8, or even more ports. The hardware
- usually uses ONLY one standard hardware IRQ, usually IRQ3 (used
- by COM2 in standard configurations). The driver is then
- addressed by the communications software (which must know how to
- address the FOSSIL driver) as though it were a series of COM ports
- (again, 4, 8, or more). When communications to one of the ports
- is received, the driver multiplexes through the single IRQ to
- communicate with the board which, since it knows how to talk to
- the driver, can determine to which physical port on the board the
- data is to be directed.
-
- We have had a number of users who have used systems with FOSSIL
- drivers to run multiple ports on electronic bulletin board
- systems and for CAM process control. To implement a multi-port
- system using FOSSIL drivers, however, you need three things: The
- hardware, the FOSSIL driver and communications programs that are
- specifically written to use the FOSSIL driver.
-
- For more information about FOSSIL drivers, obtain a file called
- FOSSIL.ARC, available on many bulletin board systems around the
- country.
-
- Copyright (C) 1991 by Quarterdeck Office Systems
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